The answer to the title-question is “yes.” When sin entered Lucifer and later humanity, its corrosive nature went to work. Its influence caused earthly life to begin a process of decay. What was made good fell into distortion. Distortion produced deformities and all manner of pain and suffering.
The answer to the title-question is also “no.” That’s because while the nature of sin is responsible for the world’s spiritual, moral, physical abnormalities and actions, the acts of sin are not directly a causation of disabilities. I’m basing this on John 9: 1-3, in which the disciples asked Jesus why a man was born blind…
As He went along, He saw a man blind from birth. His disciples asked Him, “Rabbi, who sinned, this man or his parents, that he was born blind?” “Neither this man nor his parents sinned,” said Jesus, “but this happened so that the work of God might be displayed in his life.”
Now it is true that all suffering is a result of transgressing God’s law, but sin’s influence had perverted even this truth. Sin’s power had led the disciples and all of Jewish thinking at that time to believe that disabilities, disease, and death came from God as a punishment for sinning. That line of thinking has never gone away, having even made it to our times. The truth, though, is that Satan inflicts suffering. However, he doesn’t have total control, for he’s often overruled by God’s mercy. The story of Job confirms this.
Though Jesus didn’t go into the cause of the man’s blindness, He did explain the reason for the man’s affliction. Jesus spoke to them of the result. Specifically applied to that man, the reason was so that the work of God might be displayed in the man’s life. God knew that this man, as a blind child, would grow up and cross Jesus’ path so as to be used as an example. Jesus then heals the man’s blindness (John 9: 6, 7); another miracle testifying to Him being God in the flesh.
This episode, among many other similar ones, shows that Jesus’ power is more powerful than the nature of sin. And it also is intended to give hope to those who are disabled—physically, emotionally, and psychologically. While all may not be healed in this life; Jesus, the Great Physician, has demonstrated that upon His return, He can make good on God’s promise to give to believers, new bodies that are disability-free.